Common Toad

Common Toad (Bufo bufo) is a large warty brown true toad within a complex of closely related Eurasian species. Identification should combine body shape, skin texture, colour pattern, toe structure and locality because related frogs can be extremely similar. Claims are limited to the species accounts opened for this batch (Wikipedia, general species account). Field identification should remain cautious when diagnostic measurements or clear photographs are unavailable.

It occurs through most of Europe into western North Asia and a small part of north-western Africa, usually hiding by day. Information absent from those species-level sources is omitted rather than borrowed from relatives. Japanese occurrence follows the site's catalogue and the opened distribution account, without using IUCN conservation material (Wikipedia, general species account; Wildlife of Japan occurrence records). This wording keeps gaps in the available species evidence explicit rather than concealing them.