European Robin

European Robin (Erithacus rubecula) is a small brown songbird with an orange-red face and breast bordered by grey, a pale belly and large dark eyes. Body shape, bill structure, plumage pattern and voice provide the strongest field characters. Age, sex and season may alter its appearance, so identification should combine several features and careful direct field comparisons with similar species in the same habitat (Wikipedia, general species account).

It inhabits woodland, hedges and gardens across Europe into western Siberia and North Africa, feeding mainly on insects near the ground; western birds are often resident while northern and eastern populations migrate. Its movements and social behaviour vary through the year, with breeding birds generally more dispersed and non-breeding birds gathering where food is concentrated. Japanese records place it within the country's documented avifauna as a resident, migrant or visitor (Wikipedia, general species account; Wildlife of Japan occurrence records).